Enhancement of LEACH Protocol Using Energy Heterogeneity Concept

Abstract-Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions. In the research area of wireless sensor networks the routing protocols is a major issue. One of the important issues in wireless sensor network is limited battery power within sensor nodes. In addition to maximize the lifespan of sensor nodes, it is preferable to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless sensor network. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the fundamental protocol in this class. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous-aware protocol to prolong the time interval before the death of the first node , which is important for many applications where the response
from the sensor network must be reliable. This is based on weighted election probabilities of each node to become cluster head according to the remaining energy in each node. The simulation results shows that Modified-LEACH yields
longer stability region for higher values of extra energy brought by more powerful nodes .These results are further
improved by applying genetic algorithm which is more effective in prolonging the network life time compared to
LEACH.